Synspilum (Vieja synspilum)

Spectacular, intelligent, and powerfully beautiful — the Synspilum (Vieja synspilum), also known as the Quetzal Cichlid or Firehead Cichlid, is one of Central America's most stunning large cichlids. With its kaleidoscopic colouration of green, blue, orange, and red — and the vivid red-orange blush that develops on the head of dominant individuals — this fish is a true showpiece for the large cichlid aquarium.

Overview

Appearance

The Synspilum is a breathtaking fish. Its body is covered in a mosaic of iridescent green, blue, and turquoise scales with orange and red highlights on the belly and fins. Dominant males develop a striking red-orange to fiery red blush across the head and nape — the feature that earns it the name "Firehead" or "Redhead" Cichlid. A large, mature male in full colour is one of the most spectacular sights in the freshwater hobby.

Water Parameters & Tank Setup

• Temperature: 75 – 82°F (24 – 28°C)
• pH: 7.0 – 8.0
• General Hardness (GH): 8 – 20 dGH
• Tank Size: Minimum 125 gallons for a single adult; 180+ gallons for a pair or community
• Lighting: Moderate to bright — enhances their iridescent colouration
• Substrate: Sand or coarse gravel; they enjoy digging
• Decor: Large rocks and driftwood for territory; avoid delicate plants as they will be uprooted

Diet & Feeding

Synspilum are omnivores with a strong herbivorous tendency in the wild:

• Staple: High-quality large cichlid pellets with plant content
• Treats: Blanched vegetables (zucchini, spinach, peas), frozen krill, and earthworms
• Avoid: Feeder fish and high-fat mammalian meats

Feed once or twice daily.

Compatibility & Tank Mates

Best kept with other large, robust Central American cichlids. Suitable tank mates include:

• Other large Vieja species
• Oscars, Severums, and Jaguar Cichlids
• Large Plecos (Sailfin, Common)
• Large catfish

Avoid housing with smaller fish or timid species. Pairs become extremely aggressive when breeding.

Breeding

Synspilum are open spawners that form strong pair bonds. They deposit eggs on flat rocks or cleaned substrate and guard them fiercely. Both parents are devoted defenders of their eggs and fry. Fry can be fed crushed cichlid pellets and baby brine shrimp once free-swimming.

The Synspilum is a magnificent, long-lived cichlid that rewards dedicated keepers with spectacular colour and fascinating behaviour. If you have the space and commitment for a large cichlid, the Quetzal Cichlid is one of the most rewarding fish you can keep.